IDRP - Academic Publishing
IDRP - Academic Publishing
Individual Differences Research > Volume 24, Issue 1 (2026) > e24004
The Dark Side of Time Management: Exploring the Link Between the Dark Tetrad and Time Theft Among Employees in Kyrgyzstan
Aaron Cohen, Emrah Özsoy, Kadir Ardıç
Abstract
Previous research proposed a shortened 6-item version of the Nightmare Proneness Scale (NPS-6) to assess nightmare proneness, a trait-like disposition toward frequent nightmares. Comprehensive psychometric evaluation, however, remained limited. Three studies (N = 543 adults) examined the factorial structure, validity, and temporal stability of the NPS-6. Results supported a unidimensional structure and adequate internal consistency. The NPS-6 demonstrated substantial yet partially distinct associations with hypothesized core processes (emotional dysregulation, vulnerability, concretization) as well as neuroticism and nightmare frequency. Discriminant validity was evidenced by negligible correlations with social desirability and sleep length. The NPS-6 predicted nightmares beyond sociodemographic and related affective variables, supporting incremental validity. One-month retest reliability was .902. Findings suggest the NPS-6 provides a reliable, temporally stable, and distinct measure of nightmare proneness suitable for efficient assessment in individual differences research.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Published
April 13, 2026
Keywords
Dark Tetrad traits;
Time theft;
Kyrgyzstan;
Workplace boredom;
Social media addiction