Why do Geographic Differences Exist in the Worldwide Distribution of Extraversion and Openness to Experience? The History of Human Emigration as an Explanation
Author(s): Kenneth R. Olson
Abstract: Studies of numerous cultures have found differences in the geographic distribution of personality traits. Europeans and Americans are higher than Africans and Asians in extraversion and openness to experience. The reason for this is unknown. Significant differences in fundamental traits between residents of entire continents suggest the operation of ‘strong’ or deeply-rooted processes. Selective emigration of individuals with these traits during human history may explain these differences. The most active, curious, and adventurous (engaged) individuals in a culture are more likely to explore new environments and emigrate. The current geographic distribution of personality traits parallels the ‘Out of Africa’ path of emigration of humans from their origin in Africa to Asia, and later to Europe and America, as revealed by behavioral genetic and paleoanthropological data. DNA analysis indicates prehistoric people who colonized the continents are ancestors of current residents. A ‘emigration as engagement’ hypothesis is presented for the higher level of extraversion and openness of Europeans and Americans.
Pages: 275-288
Download Full Article: Click here