Containment and Overflow in the Sleeping Ego: Relationship Between Ego Functions and Nightmares
Author(s): William E. Kelly
Abstract: Nightmares may signal failures in emotional and self-regulation. Drawing on ego-psychological theory, this study tested whether specific ego functions predict nightmare frequency beyond neuroticism. University students (N = 269) completed the Nightmare Experience Scale, Ego Functions Assessment, and Mini-IPIP Neuroticism Scale. Hierarchical regression showed ego functioning accounted for additional variance in nightmare frequency beyond gender and neuroticism. Weaker ego defensive functioning and low sensory thresholds predicted more nightmares, while higher drive regulation and cognitive control of autonomous functions also increased vulnerability. Results suggest nightmares arise when the ego’s balance between affective containment and expression is disrupted, reflecting both fragility and overcontrol. The results were discussed as bridging psychoanalytic theory and contemporary research. Limitations and suggestions for future research were posited.
Keywords: Nightmares; Ego strength; Ego functions; Emotional regulation; Defensive functioning; Dreams; Personality integration
Article: e18005
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